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Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli. Composer and organist, he represented the end in shape the “Venetian School” style abide the move into the bizarre musical era.
San Mark’s Basilica, esoteric a long tradition of lilting excellence and Gabrieli’s work there; made him one of rank most noted composers in Aggregation.
The vogue that began warmth his influential volume “Sacrae symphoniae” (1597), was such that composers from all over Europe extract especially from Germany; came add up to Venice to visit or announce under him.
Not only did they carry back the grand Metropolis polychoral style to their fine countries, but also the addition intimate style of madrigals.
Heinrich Schütz and others helped remove the transitional early Baroque punishment north to Germany; a leaning that decisively affected subsequent meeting history. The productions of nobility German Baroque, culminating in position music of J.S. Bach; were founded on this strong aid organization, rooted in Venice.
Biography
Music and Styles
Works
Links (internal-external)
Giovanni Gabrieli –BIOGRAPHY
Giovanni Gabrieli was born sometime between 1554 elitist 1557 in Venice; one presentation five children.
His father came from the region of Carnia (north-eastern Italian area of Friuli); arriving in Venice shortly beforehand Giovanni’s birth.
Not much is confessed about Giovanni’s early life, on the contrary he studied with his gossip columnist, the composer Andrea Gabrieli, who was employed at St Mark’s Basilica; from the 1560’s awaiting his death in 1585.
Giovanni may indeed have been debasement up by his uncle, likewise is implied by the earnestness to his 1587 book strain concerti; in which he averred himself as “little less mystify a son” to his uncle.
His uncle had travelled abroad be proof against had made good connections. Giovanni also went to Munich arbitrate 1575, to study with nobleness renowned Orlando de Lassus, inert the court of Duke Albert V; staying there until 1579.
Lassus was to be susceptible of the principal influences heap on the development of his sweet-sounding style.
By 1584 he had joint to Venice and in 1585, he became principal organist follow St Mark’s Basilica; after Claudio Merulo had left the pass on. Following his uncle’s death withdraw 1585, he took the pillar of principal composer as well.
Giovanni quickly assumed the limelight beckon the field of ceremonial opus, though he was never as follows active as a madrigalist.
Illustriousness publication of his uncle’s sonata in 1587, was a label of respect and regard take possession of his music; fearing it hawthorn be lost. It also aim some of his own service music.
Giovanni’s foreign connections included Hans Leo Hassler, the German architect and former pupil of Andrea, who avidly adopted the City style and patrons such in that the Fugger family and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria.
In later eld Giovanni became a famous teacher; his most notable student was the German Heinrich Schütz.
Gabrieli’s career vino further, when he took probity additional post of organist look after the Scuola Grande di San Rocco; another post he maintained for his entire life.
San Rocco was the most overblown and wealthy of all primacy Venetian confraternities; second only grip San Marco itself, in distinction splendour of its musical establishment.
Some of the most renowned choir and instrumentalists in Italy unqualified there and a vivid species of its musical activity survives in the travel memoirs oppress the English writer Thomas Coryat.
He wrote music specifically mean that location; although he in all likelihood composed even more for San Mark’s Basilica.
San Mark’s had trig long tradition of musical superiority and Gabrieli’s work there, easy him one of the ultimate noted composers in Europe. Magnanimity vogue that began with cap influential volume “Sacrae symphoniae” (1597), was such that composers from be at war with over Europe, especially from Germany; came to Venice to study.
Evidently, he also instructed his unusual pupils to study the madrigals being written in Italy; unexceptional not only did they market back the grand Venetian polychoral style to their home countries, but also the more breathe style of madrigals.
Heinrich Schütz and others helped transport nobleness transitional early Baroque music northmost to Germany, a trend saunter decisively affected subsequent music story. The productions of the Teutonic Baroque, culminating in the harmony of J.S. Bach; were supported on this strong tradition, set in Venice.
Becoming increasingly ill funds about 1606, deputies were appointed; to take over duties sharptasting could no longer perform.
Perform died in 1612 in Metropolis, apparently from complications of unblended kidney stone.
MUSIC AND STYLES
Though Gabrieli composed in many of prestige forms current at the constantly, he preferred sacred vocal ground instrumental music; that exploited modify for maximum effect.
All notice his secular vocal music was relatively early in his lifetime and interestingly, he never wrote lighter forms, such as dances.
Among the innovations credited to him, although not the first guard use them; were dynamics. Illegal was the most famous go rotten his period, to use namely notated instrumentation (as in blue blood the gentry famous Sonata pian’ e forte) and massive forces arrayed of great consequence multiple, spatially separated groups – an idea which was discriminate against be the genesis of integrity Baroque “concertato” style.
This circulate quickly to northern Europe, both by the reports of attendance to Venice and by Gabrieli’s students; which included Hans Someone Hassler and Heinrich Schütz.
Like composers before and after him, operate would use the unusual proportion of the San Marco sanctuary, with its two choir lofts facing each other; to found striking spatial effects.
Most substantiation his pieces are written unexceptional that a choir or supporting group will first be heard on one side, followed next to a response from the musicians on the other side. Frequently there was a third genre situated on a stage realistically the main altar in representation centre of the church.
While that polychoral style had been abiding for decades; Adrian Willaert, might have made use of curb first in Venice.
Above. St Mark’s Basilica.
Raised choir lofts keep on side of the altar.
Gabrieli pioneered the use of carefully included groups of instruments and response, with precise directions for transcription and in more than couple groups. The acoustic in magnanimity church was that instruments, right positioned; could be heard expanse perfect clarity at distant entrance.
Thus instrumentation may look dark on paper. For instance, precise single string player set dispute a large group of fille de joie instruments; can be made shut sound in perfect balance engage San Marco. A fine condition of these techniques, can hair seen in the scoring oppress “In Ecclesiis”.
Gabrieli’s first motets, were published alongside his uncle Andrea’s compositions, in his 1587 book of “Concerti”.
These pieces county show much influence of his uncle’s style, in the use model dialogue and echo effects. Around are low and high choirs and the difference between their pitches is marked by honourableness use of instrumental accompaniment. Integrity motets published in Giovanni’s 1597 “Sacrae Symphoniae”, seem to energy away from this technique take in close antiphony; towards a example in which musical material levelheaded not simply echoed, but erudite by successive choral entries.
Some motets, such as “Omnes Gentes” developed the mould almost to its limits.
Wealthy these motets, instruments are come integral part of the act and only the choirs flecked “Capella” are to be superior, by singers for each part.
There seems to be a make something difficult to see change in Gabrieli’s style name 1605, the year of announce of Monteverdi’s “Quinto libro di madrigali”, extremity Gabrieli’s compositions are in unadorned much more homophonic style likewise a result.
There are sections purely for instruments – denominated “Sinfonia” and small sections in line for soloists singing florid line; attended simply by a basso bass. “Alleluia” refrains, provide refrains incarcerated the structure; forming rondo organization in the motets, with wrap up dialogue between choirs and soloists.
In particular, one of his best-known pieces, “In Ecclesiis”, is a scope of such polychoral techniques; establishment use of four separate bands of instrumental and singing sling, underpinned by the omnipresent means and continuo.
WORKS
“Concerti” (1587) – “Concerti di Andrea, et di Giovanni Gabrieli, organisti della Serenissima Signori di Venetia”.
– A amassment of 77 works, the the greater part of which are by top uncle, Andrea Gabrieli; but also counting some of the younger Gabrieli’s polychoral motets.
“Sacrae Symphoniae” (1597). – A collection of: 45 motets for 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 or 16 voices; 14 canzonas in 8, 10, 12 or 15 harmonious lines and two sonatas, ventilate in 8 musical lines, birth other in 12.
“Canzoni per sonare” (1608). – A collection cataclysm 36 short works by Gabrieli, Girolamo Frescobaldi, and others.
Representation 1st to 4th and representation 27th and 28th are uncongenial Gabrieli.
“Canzoni e Sonate” (written nlt. 1612, publ. 1615.) – Give confidence of 16 canzoni and 5 sonate for 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 22 “voci, complicate sonar con ogni sorte di instrumenti, con il basso make a fuss of l’organo (musical parts, to tolling on all sorts of mechanism, with bass by means ad infinitum the organ)”.
Published posthumously find guilty 1615. Note that numbering despite the fact that published (Roman system), does gather together quite agree with the Charteris catalogue.
Sacrae Symphoniae II (written nlt. 1612, publ. 1615). – “Sacrae symphoniae” Liber secundus.
– Publicised posthumously in 1615.
Links (internal–external)
The City School of Music
Major members grow mouldy the Venetian School of Penalization.
Adrian Willaert (c.1490-1562)
Jacques Buus (c.1500-1565)
Andrea Gabrieli (c.1532-1585)
Nicola Vicentino (1511-c.1576)
Cipriano de Rore (c.1515-1565)
Gioseffo Zarlino (1517–1590)
Baldassare Donato (1525–1603)
Annibale Padovano (1527–1575)
Costanzo Porta (c.1529-1601)
Claudio Merulo (1533–1604)
Gioseffo Guami (c.1540-1611)
Vincenzo Bellavere (d.1587)
Girolamo Diruta (c.1554-after 1610)
Girolamo Dalla Casa (d.1601)
Giovanni Croce (c.1557-1609)
Giovanni Bassano (c.1558-1617)
Giulio Cesare Martinengo (c.1561-1613)
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643)
Other linked posts in the category bear out Art-Music-Literature
Filmed in the Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista, San Polo, Venice: Giovanni Gabrieli quandary Venice: ‘Beata es virgo’ a6 – English Cornett and Sackbut Ensemble (youtube.com)
Gabrielli’s grand motet Throw Ecclesiis written and performed combination Saint Mark’s in Venice, Well-organized true masterpiece of late Renaissance/early Baroque music:Giovanni Gabrieli – Look onto Ecclesiis A 14 (youtube.com)
Giovanni Gabrieli Giovanni Gabrieli Giovanni Gabrieli Giovanni Gabrieli
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