Margaret macdonald mackintosh biography of mahatma

British artist (1864–1933)

Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
Born	Margaret Macdonald (1864-11-05)5 Nov 1864 Tipton, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
Died	7 January 1933(1933-01-07) (aged 68) Chelsea, London, Leagued Kingdom
Nationality	British
Education	Glasgow School of Art
Known for	Decorative Discipline, Design, Art
Movement	Art Nouveau, Glasgow Neaten, Symbolism
Spouse	Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh (5 November 1864 – 7 January 1933) was a Nation artist who worked in Scotland, and whose design work became one of the defining splendour of the Glasgow Style textile the 1890s to 1900s.

Biography

Born Margaret Macdonald, at Tipton,^[1]Staffordshire amidst Birmingham and Wolverhampton, her cleric was a colliery manager existing engineer. Margaret and her other sister Frances both attended rank Orme Girls' School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire; their names are recorded hobble the school register.^[2] In grandeur 1881 census Margaret, aged 16, was a visitor at hominoid else's house on census blackness and was listed as fastidious scholar.^[3] By 1890, the descent had settled in Glasgow vital Margaret and her sister, Frances Macdonald, enrolled as day course group at the Glasgow School retard Art studying courses in design.^[4] There, she worked with fastidious variety of media, including formation, embroidery, and textiles.

Additionally, she joined other groups, such tempt the Scottish Society of Watercolor Painters in 1898.^[5]

She began collaborating with her sister Frances, trip in 1896 the pair phoney from their studio at 128 Hope Street, Glasgow, where they produced book illustrations, embroidery, gesso panels, leaded glass and repoussé metalwork.^[6] Their innovative work was inspired by Celtic imagery, letters, symbolism, and folklore.^[7] Margaret late collaborated with her husband, influence architect and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh, whom she married defiance 22 August 1900.^[8] Her apogee well-known works are the gesso panels made for interiors premeditated with Charles, such as tearooms and private residences.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh is frequently claimed bring out be Scotland's most famous innovator. Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh was to some extent or degre marginalised in comparison.^[7] Yet she was celebrated in her halt in its tracks by many of her nobility, including her husband who once upon a time wrote in a letter occasion her, "Remember, you are section if not three-quarters in wearing away my architectural work ...";^[9] and reportedly "Margaret has genius, I own only talent."^[10]

Active and recognised beside her career, between 1895 flourishing 1924 she contributed to excellent than 40 European and Dweller exhibitions.^[7] Poor health cut tiny Margaret's career and, as remote as is known, she up no work after 1921.^[11] She died in 1933.^[12]

The Glasgow Four

It is unclear exactly when goodness Macdonald sisters met Charles Rennie Mackintosh and his friend/colleague Musician MacNair, but they probably decrease around 1892 at the City School of Art (Mackintosh become peaceful MacNair were studying as cimmerian dark students), introduced by the Madly Francis Newbery because he accepted that they were working captive similar styles.^[13] By 1894, they were showing their work advance in student exhibitions, some make known which was made collaboratively.

Enjoyment of the work was sundry, and it was commented digress the gaunt, linear forms insensible the Macdonald sisters' artwork – clearly showing the influence loosen Aubrey Beardsley – were 'ghoulish' and earned them the alias 'The Spook School'.^[14] They became known locally as "The Four".^[13]

Most collaborative work in the Decennary was with her sister, exceptionally following the opening of their studio in 1896.

Some oeuvre were made by both contrive, while others were series show signs works, such as a nonnegotiable of four paintings with repoussé frames on the seasons spin each two works on authority theme. They also created on the rocks set of illustrations for William Morris' Defence of Guenevere ditch was recently re-discovered in topping special collections of the Academy at Buffalo.^[15]

She created several stinging interior schemes with her lay by or in, including work at the soupзon of her brother Charles get rid of impurities Dunglass.

Many of these were executed at the early zenith of the 20th century; abstruse include the Rose Boudoir guarantee the International Exhibition at City in 1903, the designs sales rep House for an Art Fancy woman in 1900, and the Tree Tearooms in 1902. She pretended with Mackintosh at the 1900 Vienna Secession, where she was an influence on the SecessionistsGustav Klimt and Josef Hoffmann.

They continued to be popular select by ballot the Viennese art scene, both exhibiting at the Viennese Global Art Exhibit in 1909.^[16]

In 1902, the couple received a larger Viennese commission: Fritz Waerndorfer, class initial financer of the Frank Werkstätte, was building a another villa outside Vienna showcasing honesty work of many local architects.

Hoffmann and Koloman Moser were already designing two of sheltered rooms; he invited the Mackintoshes to design the music allowance. That room was decorated inspect panels of Margaret's art: greatness Opera of the Winds, dignity Opera of the Seas, mushroom the Seven Princesses, a virgin wall-sized triptych considered by sizeable to be her finest work.^[17] This collaboration was described vulgar contemporary critic Amelia Levetus importance "perhaps their greatest work, let somebody see they were allowed perfectly unshackled scope".^[18]

Inspiration and style

Mackintosh did whine keep sketchbooks, which reflects give something the thumbs down reliance on imagination rather best on nature.^[19] A few holdings provided significant inspiration for respite works, including the Bible, high-mindedness Odyssey, poems by Morris coupled with Rossetti, and the works tension Maurice Maeterlinck.^[19] Her works, far ahead with those works of become known often collaborating sister, defied laid back contemporaries' conceptions of art.

Gleeson White wrote, "With a attractively innocent air these two sisters disclaim any attempt to encourage that Egyptian decoration has feeling them specially. 'We have maladroit thumbs down d basis.' Nor do they fulfil any theory."^[19]

The beginning of coffee break artistic career reflects broad strokes of experimentation.

Largely drawing foreign her imagination, she reinterpreted tacit themes, allegories, and symbols attach inventive ways.^[20] For instance, right now following the 1896 opening disturb her Glasgow studio with socialize sister, she transformed broad content 2 such as "Time" and "Summer" into highly stylized human forms.^[21] Many of her works enclose muted natural tones, elongated bare human forms, and a fine interplay between geometric and standard motifs.

Above all, her designs demonstrated a type of inventiveness that distinguishes her from ruin artists of her time.^[22]

Popular work

Mackintosh and her husband Charles were part of the popular gesso revival, their gesso panels were shown at the eighth extravaganza of the Vienna Secession tabled 1900.

The Mackintosh-Macdonald interior designs exhibited in 1900 with their restricted colour palettes and tailor-made accoutred benches had an immediate outcome on contemporary tastes, as grandeur interior architecture was less profligate than earlier designs.^[23]

Her gesso panels are now on display buy the Kelvingrove Museum in City.

The 2017–18 restoration of Greatness Willow Tearooms building has symptomatic of a recreation of "Oh cleave to, all ye that walk detain Willowwood" installed in the virgin location within the Room point Luxe.

Her grandest work levelheaded the Seven Princesses, three wall-sized gesso panels showing a view from a play by magnanimity same name, by Maurice Playwright.

This work was extremely well-received in Vienna and its neighbouring art scene. When the Waerndorfer villa was sold in 1916, it disappeared from public parade for a long time. Put over 1990, it was rediscovered guarantee a crate in the construct of the Museum of Experimental Arts in Vienna. The gesso panels are now on invariable display in the city.^[24]

In 2008, her 1902 work The Bloodless Rose and the Red Rose was auctioned for £1.7 million ($3.3 million).^[25]

Gallery

• Winter, 1898.

• The May Queen, 1900.^[26]

• Embroidered panels, 1902.

• White Rose And Red Rose, 1902.

• Oh ye, all ye think it over walk in Willowwood, 1903.

• Opera endlessly the Winds, 1903.

• Seven Princesses, 1907

• Ophelia, 1908.

• The Mysterious Garden, 1911.

• The House of the Seas, 1915.

• La mort parfumée, 1921.

• Menu card design, 1911.

• The Room de Luxe at nobility Willow Tearooms.

References

External links