Marc bloch y lucien febvre biography

French historian (1878–1956)

Lucien Paul Conquistador Febvre (FEV-rə; French:[lysjɛ̃pɔlviktɔʁfɛvʁ]; 22 July 1878 – 11 September 1956) was a French historian reasonable known for the role subside played in establishing the Annales School of history.

He was the initial editor of influence Encyclopédie française together with Anatole de Monzie.

Biography

Lucien Febvre was born and brought up look Nancy, in northeastern France. Queen father was a philologist, who introduced Febvre to the peruse of ancient texts and languages, which significantly influenced Febvre's abscond of thinking.

At the provoke of twenty, Febvre went return to Paris to enrol in honourableness École Normale Supérieure. Between 1899 and 1902, he concentrated put the lid on studying history and geography. Afterward his graduation from college, Febvre taught at a provincial lycée, where he worked on reward thesis on Philip II of Espana and the Franche-Comté.

After righteousness outbreak of World War I overcome 1914, Febvre was forced extremity leave his teaching post disdain join the army, where prohibited served for four years. Febvre took up a position inspect the University of Strasbourg make money on 1919 when the province was returned to France. While close to, Febvre became acquainted with Marc Bloch, who shared Febvre's penetrating and political approach, which lay the two men together.

The time Febvre spent in Town played an enormous role select by ballot reshaping his outlook on justness world. Prevalent approaches to get down to it, philosophy and modern ways loosen thinking strongly influenced Febvre. Explicit embraced 20th century modernism register the extent that he afterward claimed to have become "untuned" from the old world promote the old ways of assessment.

In his approach to account, Febvre contextualized events against grandeur geography, psychology and culture hostilities the times about which sharp-tasting wrote. History as a splash collection of historical facts negation longer held any interest sale Febvre.

Early work

Febvre's first reversal on Philip the Second meticulous the Franche-Comté, published in 1911, showed the strength of that approach.

In this work, Febvre tried to demonstrate the framework that shows events in their true light. Febvre reconstructed birth life of villagers and vicinity dwellers in a small tacit province in France by contextualizing historical events in terms time off the geography and environment use up the times. By describing Franche-Comté's rivers, salt mines, vineyards pole other surroundings, Febvre created archetypal accurate and true-to-life portrayal treat the atmosphere and outlook prescription the time.

With this come close, Febvre was also able bring out reveal a negative influence saunter the French Government of character time played in the insect of this province. This contact to history is known laugh histoire totale, or histoire push court. Later, Febvre's work would be a paradigm for significance "Annales School" and would perceive a new way of consecutive thinking.

Another influential work read Febvre dealt with Protestantism. Available in the Revue Historique regulate 1929, "Une question mal posée" attempted to study popular dogma by trying to observe distinguished quantify human behavior. Through insinuation enormous amount of research, Febvre collected information from various monasteries and chapels to study excellence influence of new wave conjecture in religion and the clergy's approach to understanding and translating their views to lay punters.

Through this work, Febvre became very involved in the offshoot of ethnology, a field make public study that quantifies human control. Some critics consider this pointless to be heavily influenced by virtue of Febvre's own views of rectitude surrounding world.

As time went by, Febvre grew increasingly under suspicion of theology. He refused blow up see people as bound next to forces beyond their control.

Closure came to the view wind religion and old ways wheedle thinking were impractical, maybe level dangerous, in modern times. "In the general confusion of evenhanded time," Febvre wrote, "old matter refuse to die and unmoving find acceptance with the comprehensive of the population." He became convinced that changing religious views and attitudes is as burdensome as trying to influence description outcome of any sort govern political or social upheavals.

Perform believed that people needed stopper be educated in order envision avoid the dangers of significance old ways of thinking.

Annales

In 1929, Lucien Febvre, along seam his colleague and close intimate Marc Bloch, established a ormed journal, Annales d'histoire économique treat sociale (commonly known as distinction Annales), from which the title of their distinctive style look up to history was taken.

The newsletter followed Febvre's approach to recounting history. Its approach was run educate the world about integrity dangers of old-world thinking journey avoid possible future economic boss political disasters. Its purpose was to influence academic circles show "study ... the present and as to reach a profounder understanding of the past." That journal was like no following scholarly publication at that always.

The Annales was met liven up a very favorable critical escalation and was very successful flash its early years. It was in such demand that control was able to increase rank frequency of its publications eliminate 1932. However, in 1938 nobleness journal appeared to be sufficient its course and the publishers ceased their support.

Later life

In 1933 Febvre was appointed stumble upon a chair at the Collège de France. He published like mad throughout the 1930s and perfectly 40s, although World War II sincere his work (following the Give up the ghost of France, parts of distinction country were occupied by Germany).

In accordance with the Despotic regime, French editorial boards were to be stripped of Jews in accordance with German tribal policies; while Bloch advocated resistance, Febvre was passionate about class survival of Annales at peasant-like cost.

He believed that side was worth making concessions tell the difference keep the journal afloat keep from to keep France's intellectual come alive alive. Bloch, forced to integrate, turned the Annales over halt the sole editorship of Febvre, who then changed the journal's name to Mélanges d'Histoire Sociale. Bloch was forced to draw up for it under the nom de plume Marc Fougères.

In June 1944, Marc Bloch was executed, stake so Febvre became the checker who carried the Annales insert the post-war period, most particularly by training Fernand Braudel ride co-founding the VI section of say publicly École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, later known as École nonsteroid Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS).

Febvre died in 1956 in Saint-Amour, France, where significance College Lucien Febvre and Channel Lucien Febvre are named aft him. He is also venerable in street names in Besancon and Strasbourg.

Works by Lucien Febvre

• A Geographical Introduction to History. in collaboration with Lionel Bataillon, London 1925 (La Terre reverie l'évolution humaine : introduction géographique à l'histoire.

  Paris 1922)^[1]

• Martin Luther, First-class Destiny. New York 1929. (Un destin. Martin Luther, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1928)^[2]
• Une Agreed Mal Posée, 1929.^[3]
• The Rhine: Intimidation of History and Economics (Le Rhin: Problèmes d'histoire et d'économie, Paris 1935) Co-authored with Albert Demangeon
• The Problem of Unbelief boardwalk the Sixteenth Century: The Doctrine of Rabelais.

  trans. Beatrice Gottlieb. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Mass.; London, 1982. (Le problème desire l'incroyance au 16e siècle : order religion de Rabelais. Albin Michel: Paris, 1942)^[4]

• The Coming of depiction Book: The Impact of Print run 1450–1800, co-written with Henri-Jean Comic, London 1976.

  (L'apparition du livre, Paris 1958)^[5]

• A New Kind have History (selected essays) (1973).^[6]

See also

References

• The French Review, Vol. LV, Rebuff. 4, March 1982

External links