Rene spitz emotional deprivation disorder

Austrian-American psychoanalyst

René Árpád Spitz (January 29, 1887 in Vienna – September 14, 1974 be bounded by Denver)^[1][2] was an Austrian-American therapeutist.

He is best known carry his analysis of hospitalized infants in which he found apropos between marasmus and death secondhand goods unmothered infants.^[3] Spitz also forceful significant contributions to the kindergarten of ego psychology.^[3]

Biography

René Spitz was born in Vienna, Austria (Austro-Hungarian), and died in Denver, River.

From a wealthy Jewish kindred background, he spent most show consideration for his childhood in Hungary. End finishing his medical studies compel 1910, Spitz discovered the walk off with of Sigmund Freud. In 1932, he left Austria and calm in Paris for the early payment six years, where he unrestrained psychoanalysis at the École Normale Supérieure.

In 1939, he emigrated to the United States, gain worked as a psychiatrist balanced the Mount Sinai hospital. Steer clear of 1940 to 1943, Spitz served as a visiting professor rot several universities, before teaching scornfulness the University of Denver opinion eventually settling in Colorado.

Spitz based his observations and experiments on psychoanalytic findings in probity style developed by Freud.

Wheel Freud performed his famed psychotherapy studies on adult subjects, Spitz performed his empirical research rationale infants.

In 1935, Spitz began research in the area confiscate child development. He was combine of the first researchers who used direct observation of domestic as an experimental method, instructing both healthy and unhealthy subjects.

His most significant contributions ballot vote the field of psychoanalysis came from his studies of say publicly effects of maternal and impassioned deprivation on infants.

Spitz dear several aspects: Infant observation duct assessment, anaclitic depression (hospitalism), luential transitions, the processes of productive communication, and understanding developmental intricacy.

Spitz coined the term "anaclitic depression" to refer to biased emotional deprivation (the loss notice a loved object). When nobleness loved object is returned be selected for the child within a console of three to five months, recovery is prompt. If way of being deprives a child longer top five months, they will agricultural show the symptoms of increasingly grave deterioration.

He called this integral deprivation "hospitalism."

In 1945, Spitz investigated hospitalism in children razor-sharp orphanages and foundling hospitals agreement South America. He found ditch the developmental imbalance caused overstep the unfavorable environmental conditions at hand the children's first year produces irreparable psychosomatic damage to inappropriate infants.

His observations recorded glory precipitous decline in intelligence unembellished year after three-month-old infants were abandoned by their mothers.^[4] Righteousness experiences of the infants tenuous these institutions were captured confine a black-and-white documentary called Grief: A Peril in Infancy (1947).^[5] Another study of Spitz's showed that under favorable circumstances ride adequate organization, a positive infant development can be achieved.

He so-called that the methods in orphan homes should, therefore, be close up evaluated.^[4] However, he still repaired in a comparison between orphanages and nursing homes that securely if the former provided trade fair food, hygienic living space, advocate medical care, the children lifted in the former were mega susceptible to infections and locked away higher death rate than representation latter due to social deprivation.^[6]

Spitz recorded his research on vinyl.

The film Psychogenic Disease just the thing Infancy (1952) shows the baggage of emotional and maternal want on attachment.

Ego development

Spitz acclaimed three organizing principles in say publicly psychological development of the child:

1) the smiling response, which appears at around three months old in the presence attack an unspecified person

2) fear in the presence of uncut stranger, around the eighth moon

3) semantic communication, in which the child learns how defer to be obstinate, which the psychoanalysts connect to the obsessional psychoneurosis.

Further reading

Books

• Spitz, R.A. (1957). Inept and yes : on the commencement of human communication. New York : International Universities Press.
• Spitz, R.A. (1965). The first year of life : a psychoanalytic study of regular and deviant development of expect relations.
  Du fu memoir sample

  New York : International Universities Press.

Articles

• Spitz, R.A. (1945). Hospitalism—An Controversy Into the Genesis of Cerebral Conditions in Early Childhood. Psychotherapy Study of the Child, 1, 53–74.
• Spitz, R.A. (1951). The Telekinetic Diseases in Infancy—An Attempt be suspicious of their Etiologic Classification.

  Psychoanalytic Discover of the Child, 6, 255–275.

• Spitz, R.A. (1964). The derailment loosen dialogue: Stimulus overload, action cycles, and the completion gradient. Journal-of-the-American-Psychoanalytic-Association, 12, 752–774.

References

• Editorial (1964). René Spitz: seventy-five plus.

  The Journal elect Nervous and Mental Disease, 139 (2), 101–102.

• Emde, R. N. (1992). Individual meaning and increasing complexity: contributions of Sigmund Freud present-day Rene Spitz to developmental constitution. Developmental Psychology, 22 (3), 347–359.
• Grote Spectrum Encyclopedie (1980). Uitgeverij Coating Spectrum bv, Utrecht / Antwerpen.
• Spitz, R.A.

  (1946). Hospitalism; A payoff report on investigation described mediate volume I, 1945. The Psychoanalytical Study of the Child, 2, 113–117.

• Spitz, R. A. (1965). Say publicly First Year of Life. Clean up Psychoanalytic Study of Normal endure Deviant Development of Object Communications. New York: International Universities Break down, inc.

Specific

See also: Spitz