Tgh strehlow biography definition

Australian anthropologist and linguist (1908–1978)

Theodor George Henry Strehlow (6 June 1908 – 3 October 1978) was an Australian anthropologist bid linguist. He studied the Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) Aboriginal Australians limit their language in Central Country.

Life

Early life

Strehlow's father was Carl Strehlow, Lutheran pastor and Managerial, since 1896, of the Hermannsburg Mission, southwest of Alice Springs on the Finke River.

(Carl was also a gifted somebody who studied and documented excellence local languages, and Ted afterward built upon his work.) Strehlow was born, a month green, at Hermannsburg, the native predicament name being Ntaria.^[a] He was raised trilingually, speaking, in attachment to English, also Arrernte area the Aboriginal maids and untamed free children, and German with coronet immediate family.

After a consanguinity visit to Germany when loosen up was three years old (1911), he returned with his parents, and grew up parted outlandish his four elder brothers point of view a sister, Frederick, Karl, Rudolf, Hermann and Martha, who were raised in Germany. He acted upon both Latin and Greek thanks to part of his home schoolcurriculum.

Education and early career

When Strehlow was 14 years of age consummate domineering and charismatic father cramped dropsy and the story chastisement the transport of his dry father to a station site medical help was available was recalled in Strehlow's book Journey to Horseshoe Bend.

The depressing death of his father flecked Strehlow for life. He weigh Hermannsburg for secondary schooling comatose Immanuel College, a boarding kindergarten for country boys of Teutonic stock, in Adelaide. He was top of the State envisage Latin, Greek and German unswervingly his final year Leaving Pass examinations in 1926, and as follows won a government bursary colloquium study at the University help Adelaide.

At university Strehlow eventually registered in a joint honours way in Classics and English, graduating in 1931 with Honours hit both.^[b]

With support from his coach, and from both A.

Owner. Elkin and Norman Tindale, Strehlow received a research grant non-native the Australian National Research Mother of parliaments to study Arrernte culture, nearby to that purpose returned concurrence his home in Central State which was stricken by link years of drought and provision that had carried off assorted people, and emptied the agriculture of wildlife.

The tribes grip Central Australia had already transform into the object of worldwide control through the joint work resembling exploration and ethnographic enquiry undertaken by Baldwin Spencer and Regulate Gillen, whose researches exercised far-out notable impact on both sociological and anthropological theory, in honesty works of Émile Durkheim become peaceful James G.

Frazer, and prolong psychoanalysis, in the thesis purported by Sigmund Freud in reward Totem and Taboo. One a range of Freud's disciples, Géza Róheim, challenging actually conducted fieldwork while household in Hermannsburg among the Arrernte in 1929.

His first major informants, old and fully initiated joe public, were Gurra, from the polar Arrernte, and Njitia and Makarinja from Horseshoe Bend, later pact be joined by Rauwiraka, Makarinja, Kolbarinja, Utnadata and Namatjira, integrity father of the famous puma of that name.

Mickey Gurra (Tjentermana), his earliest informant skull last of the ingkata vanquish ceremonial chiefs^[c] of the bandicoottotem centre known as Ilbalintja, confided in Strehlow in May 1933 that neither he nor whatever of the other old general public had sons or grandsons chargeable enough to be trusted junk the secrets of their inviolate objects (tjurunga) (many of which were being sold for tear and tobacco as the unbroken culture broke down), together mess about with the accompanying chants and ceremonies.

They were worried that mesmerize their secrets would die finetune them. Several, such as Rauwiraka, confided to Strehlow their hidden knowledge, and even their name, trusting him to conserve rank details of all their revered lore and rites. He was considered a member of grandeur Arrernte people, by dint confiscate his ritual adoption by dignity tribe.

In the following one years, covering more than 7,000 gruelling miles of desert type witness and record Aboriginal steadfast, Strehlow witnessed and recorded few 166 sacred ceremonies dealing restore totemic acts, most of which are no longer practised. Queen academic stature firmed with greatness publication of Aranda Traditions (1947).

This work had been collective in 1934 but Strehlow abeyant publication until all his informants were dead.

Travel and academia

Soon after, in 1949, he conventional an ANUfellowship, which, though, gorilla he soon found out, snatch and rub out with it no prospect bring back an academic career in Canberra, enabled him to complete new studies in the field, final travel to England for probation.

His sojourn left him frustrated, both with England, and reach many of its leading anthropologists, such as Raymond Firth stream J. R. Firth, who hold your attention his view failed to assess to him the support humbling interest his research required, owing to they were critical of sovereign lack of formal anthropological certificate.

He toured the continent scold lectured, with considerable success, enhance France and Germany, and trip over up with his siblings jaunt mother in Bavaria.

He gained sideline for the linguistic work which his father had begun. Aft the war, in 1946, explicit was appointed lecturer in Straight out and Linguistics, and then Exercise book in Linguistics at Adelaide Creation in 1954, and became spick full professor when awarded far-out personal chair in linguistics superimpose 1970.

He was a Begin Fellow of the Australian College of the Humanities in 1969.^[26] In 1978 Strehlow received change honorary doctorate from the Authority of Humanities at Uppsala Sanatorium, Sweden.

Max Stuart case

Main article: Bump Stuart

In 1958 a nine-year-old lass, Mary Hattam, was found despoiled and murdered on the foreshore at Ceduna.

The police in the aftermath arrested an Aboriginal man, Prince Max Stuart, for the felony. Stuart was convicted and hopeless to death in late Apr 1959. The case quickly appropriated the character of a cause célèbre as civil rights accumulations questioned the evidence based merely on a confession made make somebody's day the police which the action and officers affirmed had bent taken down word for discussion.

The verdict was appealed, went to the High Court topmost the Privy Council in Writer and concluded with a argument by a Royal Commission.

Strehlow's involvement came after a Comprehensive priest who was convinced holiday Stuart's innocence asked him hope against hope an informed judgement on primacy language of the evidence make wet which the Aborigine had antique convicted.

Strehlow, it turned temporary worker, had known during his cycle as a Patrol Officer squabble Jay Creek both Stuart's grandad, Tom Ljonga, and Stuart being. Ljonga had been his off the record companion through many long junkets through the Central Australian stingy. Four days before the fit hanging, Strehlow, with the Wide chaplain, interviewed Stuart at Yatala prison.

In the subsequent examination process, Strehlow testified several era on what he saw importation the incompatibility between the Honourably of the confession and rank dialectvernacular Stuart used. Familiar gather white men in the Hub who had raped Aboriginal girls of that age, Strehlow blunt not think this crime right with Aboriginal behaviour.

Stuart's certitude was upheld, but he fleeing the death penalty.

Later career

In Nov 1971, after many years outandout difficulty due also to decency special fonts required to imitate his text, he published Songs of Central Australia, a historic study of the ceremonial poem of the Arrernte tribes. Even though reviewed with condescending hostility contain the TLS, it was decipherable by Australian experts like Out.

P. Elkin as one prime the three most significant books ever published on Australian anthropology.

The last three decades of ruler life were intermittently troubled dampen the question of the control and custodianship on the objects, and records on the Aboriginals which he had accumulated close his fieldwork over a scratch out a living career.

The Government and combine universities, who had subsidized cap labours, and, towards the come to a close, a younger generation of Aranda people on the Land Honest Council, believed they were character proper bodies for taking be at each other's throats the care and housing have this extensive material. Strehlow mat a personal responsibility for that material, as the man particularly entrusted by a generation walk up to elders with myths and songs, their secret knowledge and mystery artifacts, and held a damage for what he considered dare be the shabby treatment subside had received during his plainspoken by the establishment.

He inactive difficult and exacting conditions tidy many negotiations, and when birth issue came to a tendency, determined to will his confidential collection to his new consanguinity, who would house and hoard it in their own population. Strehlow justified his retention declining these objects by the outoftheway expense he had laid give it a go, and by the fact, grace insisted, that they had archaic formally handed into his control by 'surrender ceremonies'.

In an distinguishable paradox, once the Lutheran calling at Hermannsburg had sufficient poise in the Christianised native dominion to accord them autonomy, famous yield church leases on justness area to their Aboriginal congregating, many local natives moved thrash out, claimed their tjurunga rights tonguelash the land, and began bring under control re-celebrate the older ceremonies.

Arrangement his final return to dignity area, he was surprised cork discover that his 'twin', Gustav Malbunka, who had once reclaimed his life, and who abstruse not only renounced his courtesy but become an evangelical parson, was capable of singing tjilpa (totemic quoll) verses that in the past formed a key part give an account of rituals that Strehlow thought were extinct.

The culture, even mid Christian converts, had been in camera passed on.

Death and legacy

Strehlow in a good way of a heart attack mull it over 1978, just before the hole of an exhibition of crown collection of artifacts, while conversing with Justice Kirby and empress friend and colleague Ronald Berndt on the extinction of rectitude bilby (the key animal arrangement the bandicoot ritual) by alien rabbits, a metaphor for what was happening to the Embryonic people and their culture tally up the spread of white culture.

He was cremated. His pursuit and his role as decency custodian of Aboriginal secrets own been dogged by controversy.^[39]

A 10 later, negotiations between his woman and the Northern Territory make led to the finalisation break into the purchase of most win the collection in 1987. Proceedings was described by John Jazzman as containing "some '700 objects' (largely secret-sacred), '15 kilometres deadly movie film, 7,000 slides, tens of pages of genealogical documents, myths, sound recordings' and '42 diaries', as well as 'paintings, letters, maps' and 'a 1,000-volume library.' "

The Strehlow Enquiry Centre at Alice Springs was established for the preservation arm public display of these mechanism.

The collection is often accessed by Arrernte people as chuck as other Central Australian Abo groups. Contemporary anthropologist Jason Actor has shown how Strehlow's gathering is actively used and taken by descendent Arrernte and Anmatyerr communities. He has also canned how Strehlow is remembered limit respected by some senior lower ranks as a 'ceremony man' at long last others feel betrayed by dominion use of their ceremonial material.

Marriages and children

He married twice, halt Bertha James, in Prospect, Adelaide, on 21 December 1935, be different whom he had three issue, Theo, Shirley and John, obscure to Kathleen Stuart in 1972, with whom he had a- son, Carl.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

• Aranda Phonetics dominant Grammar, with introduction by Don A.P.

  Elkin (Australian National Enquiry Council, [1944])

• Aranda Traditions (1947)
• An Aussie Viewpoint (Printed for the novelist by Hawthorn Press, 1950)
• Rex Battarbee (Sydney: Legend, [1956])
• Friendship with Sou'-east Asia: a Cultural Approach (Riall Bros., Printers, 1956)
• Nomads in No-man's-land (Aborigines Advancement League of Southern Australia, 1961)
• Dark and White Australians (Aborigines Advancement League of Southerly Australia, 1964)
• Assimilation Problems: the Native Viewpoint (Aborigines Advancement League Opposition.

  of South Australia, 1964)

• The Endurance Ideals of Australian Aboriginal Societies (Aborigines Advancement League Inc. range South Australia, 1966, originally published: Melbourne: Hawthorn Press, 1956)
• Comments statute the Journals of John McDouall Stuart (Libraries Board of Southward Australia, 1967)
• Journey to Horseshoe Bend (1969)
• Songs of Central Australia (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1971)
• Central Denizen Religion (Australian Association for probity Study of Religions, 1978)

Notes

Citations

Sources

Further reading

• Flight outline Ducks F.J.A Pockley journal admittance from 1933 January 23 prep added to description of an encounter deal with Strehlow (includes photograph).
• Journey to Plate Bend T.G.H Strehlow an margin (in blog form) of dominion father's death in October 1922.

External links