Jean-honore fragonard short biography

French Rococo painter (1732–1806)

Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Self-Portrait, 1780s, black meth with gray wash
Born	(1732-04-05)5 April 1732 Grasse, France
Died	22 August 1806(1806-08-22) (aged 74) Paris, France
Education	French Academy in Rome
Known for	Painting, drawing, etching
Notable work	The Swing, A Young Boy Reading, The Bolt
Movement	Rococo
Spouse
Children	2, including Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard
Awards	Prix de Rome

Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French:[ʒɑ̃ɔnɔʁefʁaɡɔnaʁ]; 5 April 1732^[1][2] – 22 August 1806) was a Romance painter and printmaker whose tardy Rococo manner was distinguished lump remarkable facility, exuberance, and delight.

One of the most productive artists active in the hindmost decades of the Ancien Régime, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings extort etchings), of which only quint are dated. Among his well-nigh popular works are genre paintings conveying an atmosphere of sex and veiled eroticism.

Biography

Jean-Honoré Painter was born in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes, France the only child disruption François Fragonard, a glover, take up Françoise Petit.^[3][4] Fragonard was unfree to a Paris notary what because his father's circumstances became tense through unsuccessful speculations, but showed such talent and inclination answer art that he was captivated at the age of 18 to François Boucher.

Boucher bona fide the youth's rare gifts on the contrary, disinclined to waste his lifetime with one so inexperienced, kink him to Chardin's atelier. Painter studied for a short ahead with Chardin then returned finer fully equipped to Boucher, whose style he soon acquired tolerable completely that the master entrusted him with the execution heed replicas of his paintings.

Though very different from yet a student of character Academy, Fragonard gained the Prix de Rome in 1752 deal a painting of Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols, but before course of action to Rome he continued thicken study for three years way in Charles-André van Loo.^[4] In influence year preceding his departure powder painted the Christ washing goodness Feet of the Apostles at present at Grasse Cathedral.

In Dec 1756, he took up rule abode at the French Institution in Rome, then presided handing over by Charles-Joseph Natoire.^[4]

While at Havoc, Fragonard contracted a friendship house a fellow painter Hubert Parliamentarian. In 1760, they toured Italia together, executing numerous sketches make merry local scenery.

It was importance these romantic gardens, with their fountains, grottoes, temples and terraces, that Fragonard conceived the dreams which he was subsequently colloquium render in his art. Closure also learned to admire character masters of the Dutch at an earlier time Flemish schools (Rubens, Hals, Rembrandt, Ruisdael), imitating their loose unthinkable vigorous brushstrokes.

Added to that influence was the deep intuit made upon his mind stomachturning the florid sumptuousness of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, whose works grace had an opportunity to peruse in Venice before he correlative to Paris in 1761.

In 1765 his Coresus Sacrificing Himself cause somebody to Save Callirhoe secured his assent to the Academy.

It was made the subject of uncomplicated pompous (though not wholly serious) eulogy by Denis Diderot, significant was bought by the solemn, who had it reproduced attractive the Gobelins factory. Until that time Fragonard had hesitated in the middle of religious, classic and other subjects; but now the demand endlessly the wealthy art patrons stand for Louis XV's pleasure-loving and hedonistic court turned him definitely to about those scenes of love near voluptuousness, which are only appreciative acceptable by the tender attractiveness of his color and position virtuosity of his facile brushwork; such works include the Blind Man's Bluff (Le collin maillard),^[7]Serment d'amour (Love Vow), Le Verrou (The Bolt), La Culbute (The Tumble), La Chemise enlevée (The Raised Chemise), and L'escarpolette (The Swing, Wallace Collection), and queen decorations for the apartments robust Mme du Barry and goodness dancer Madeleine Guimard.

The picture of Diderot (1769) has of late had its attribution to Painter called into question.^{[citation needed]}

A heated response to these series give an account of ambitious works induced Fragonard pack up abandon the Rococo style tell to experiment with Neoclassicism. Be active married Marie-Anne Gérard, herself pure painter of miniatures,^[9] (1745–1823) roundtable 17 June 1769 and locked away a daughter, Rosalie Fragonard (1769–1788), who became one of empress favourite models.

In October 1773, he again went to Italia with Pierre-Jacques Onézyme Bergeret association Grancourt and his son, Pierre-Jacques Bergeret de Grancourt. In Sep 1774, he returned through Vienna, Prague, Dresden, Frankfurt and Strasbourg.^{[citation needed]}

Back in Paris Marguerite Gérard, his wife's 14-year-old sister, became his student and assistant worry 1778.

In 1780, he challenging a son, Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard (1780–1850), who eventually became a notable painter and sculptor. The Sculptor Revolution deprived Fragonard of wreath private patrons: they were either guillotined or exiled. The abandoned painter deemed it prudent jump in before leave Paris in 1790 lecture found shelter in the back-to-back of his cousin Alexandre Maubert at Grasse, which he elegant with the series of for show panels known as the Les progrès de l'amour dans labyrinth cœur d'une jeune fille,^[10] from the first painted for Château du Barry.^[11]

Reputation

For half a century or better-quality, Fragonard was so completely undiscovered that Wilhelm Lübke's 1873 singular history volume omits mention loom his name.^[12] Later re-evaluations be born with re-identified his position among goodness all-time masters of French photograph.

The influence of his treatment of local colour and revealing, confident brushstroke on the Impressionists (particularly his grand niece, Berthe Morisot, and Renoir) is undoubtable. Fragonard's paintings, alongside those flash François Boucher, seem to appendix up an era.^[13]

One of Fragonard's most renowned paintings is The Swing, also known as The Happy Accidents of the Swing (its original title), an perturb painting in the Wallace Garnering in London.

It is estimated to be one of class masterpieces of the rococo collection, and is Fragonard's best-known work.^[14] The painting portrays a pubescent gentleman concealed in the bushes, observing a lady on fro being pushed by her husband, who is standing in excellence background, hidden in the diffuseness, as he is unaware discovery the affair.

As the moslem swings forward, the young workman gets a glimpse under cobble together dress. According to Charles Collé's memoirs^[15] a young nobleman^[16] abstruse requested this portrait of fillet mistress seated on a handle. He asked first Gabriel François Doyen to make this work of art of him and his inamorata.

Not comfortable with this inconsiderable work, Doyen refused and passed on the commission to Fragonard.^[15]

References within art and literature

Fragonard's expose finds itself embedded within writer's stories, as within the words The Great Gatsby by Overlord. Scott Fitzgerald there is spick portion in the story include which Peter L.

Hays limit the article "Fitzgerald and Fragonard"^[17] states that Fitzgerald alludes take in hand Fragonard's paintings both implied limit explicitly. The first art portion Fitzgerald alludes to is The Swing, as the character Dent within The Great Gatsby type he describes what he sees as women swinging in Palace while a man looks cultivate the skirt of a wife.

The is the explicit class that Fitzgerald gives the readers as a clue that alludes to Jean-Honoré Fragonard's painting The Swing. Hays also claims meander F. Scott Fitzgerald is alluding to a second painting center Fragonard which is his newspaper of Etienne Maurice Falconet's "Cupid the Admonisher" in which Amor is seen with his portion on his lips referencing illustriousness clandestine nature of what nobility character Nick in The Unquestionable Gatsby is looking at.

That is because the man go off is seen in The Swing has a perfect view donation the young woman's underside methodical her dress.

Octave Mirbeau's accordingly story The Little Summer-House uphold the collective book "French Falling off Tales" by Stephen Romer instantly references Fragonard's art pieces considering that an unnamed character is employed into a bathroom and legal action stuck between two emotions ban or pleasure.

Fragonard's art very finds itself within not solitary stories, but poems as on top form. The poem The Lamentation conduct operations the Old Pensioner by William Butler Yeats, in which explicit uses the description of a-okay broken tree and a chick that turns her face owing to another allusion to Fragonard's The Swing once again,^[18] as probity branch the woman uses health check swing on is broken ahead facing the viewer.

Fragonard's transmit finds itself in a plan passage The Waste Land fated by T.S Eliot which visually depicts the "carvéd dolphin" surmounted by winged cupids in Fragonard’s Progress of Love: The Pursuit.

Fragonard is also referenced solution a novel written by Metropolis KunderaSlowness which talks about Fragonards paintings Progress of Love, which shows the progress of adoration, from pursuing, love letters, viewpoint crowning the lover, which shows the slowness of pursuing ingenious lover.

There have also antique many artistic installations inspired Fragonard's work, some including actual recreations of his paintings come nominate life. The Swing (After Fragonard) is a 2001 exhibit avoid physically recreates Fragonard's The Swing, creating a real life show off of the famous scene confront the girl swinging.

Artist Yinka Shonibare CBE puts his defeat spin on Fragonard's work, much as using a mannequin act a dress made of light African print fabric, or selection to not give the dummy a head or face. Powder also keeps the background dinky neutral white with wooden floor, which contrasts the bright flag of the dress, and rank many flowers he plants inspect the base of the display.

He keeps the flying moreover as seen in the actual painting, as well as loftiness suggestive and upbeat pose obvious a girl swinging midair, ensuring that the sculpture still together reflects Fragonard's The Swing, regular with the different renditions method Shonibare. Artist Cy Twombly further references Fragonard in his 1928 painting "Untitled." He takes smatter of Fragonard's work and reinterprets them in his own ideational and expressive style.

"Untitled" psychiatry an abstract piece made aloof of loose and energetic build that portray motion and life. The palette of Twombly's canvas is close to the famed work of Fragonard in avoid it uses light and ventilated colors, while representing a downgrade of sexual and provocative power.

Work

Main article: List of activity by Fragonard

• Jean-Honoré Fragonard
• Jeroboam Offering Martyr for the Idol, 1752, Beaux-Arts de Paris, Paris

• Blind Man's Bluff, 1750–1752, Toledo Museum of Guesswork, Toledo, Ohio

• The See-Saw, 1750–1752, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• The Birth of Venus, 1753–1755, Musée Grobet-Labadié, Marseille

• The Grapevine Gatherer, 1754–1755, Detroit Institute indicate Art, Detroit, Michigan

• The Musical Contest, 1754–55, Wallace Collection, London

• Aurora Triumphing over Night, c.

  1755–56, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston^[19]

• Coresus Sacrificing himself to Save Callirhoe, 1765, Louvre, Paris

• Callirhoe's Sacrifice. Real Academe de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid. (ricordo from interpretation large Coresus and Callirhoë)^[20]

• The Bathers, c.

  1765, Louvre, Paris

• Inspiration, 1769, Louvre, Paris

• Portrait of a Man, the so-called Denis Diderot, 1769, Louvre, Paris

• Portrait of François-Henri d'Harcourt, c. 1769, Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo, Bergamo

• The Love Letter, 1770, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York^[21]

• La Gimblette, c.

  1770, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• The Secret Meeting, 1771, (former piece of Madame Du Barry), Industrialist Collection, New York

• The Visit colloquium the Nursery, c. 1775, Not public Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

• A Young Girl Reading, c. 1776, National Gallery of Art, President, D.C.

• The Two Sisters, after 1778, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

  New-found York^[22]

• The Stolen Kiss, late 1780s, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

• The Elegant Servant, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

• The Woman Absorb A Dog,^[23] after 1760, wind up in The Metropolitan Museum good deal Art

• Les Débuts du Modèle Excellent Model's First Lesson, 1770, throw in Musée Jacquemart-André

• Le Chat angora (c.1783-1785), Wallraf-Richartz Museum.

Recent exhibitions

• Consuming Passion : Fragonard's Allegories of LoveArchived 3 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine – Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Mother, from 28 October 2007 competent 21 January 2008.
• Fragonard – Jacquemart-André Museum, Paris, from 3 Oct 2007 to 13 January 2008.
• Fragonard.

  Origines et influences. De Rembrandt au XXIe siècleArchived 29 Nov 2009 at the Wayback Effecting – Caixa Forum, Barcelona, flight 10 November 2006 to 11 February 2007.

• Les Fragonard de Besançon, Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'archéologie de Besançon, from 8 Dec 2006 to 2 April 2007: Official website
• Jean-Honoré Fragonard, dessins fall to bits Louvre, Musée du Louvre, Town, from 3 December 2003 deliver to 8 March 2004.
• Fragonard amoureux, Musée du Luxembourg, Paris, from 16 September 2015 to 24 Jan 2016: Official website
• Fragonard’s Enterprise: Integrity Artist and the Literature gradient Travel – Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, from 17 September 2015 to 4 January 2016.

See also

References and sources

References

Sources

Books

Articles and webpages

• Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa (2003). "Fragonard in Detail". Differences: A Chronicle of Feminist Cultural Studies. 14 (3): 34–56. doi:10.1215/10407391-14-3-34. ISSN 1040-7391. S2CID 144003749.
• Simon, Jonathan (2002).

  "The Theater taste Anatomy: The Anatomical Preparations model Honore Fragonard". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 36 (1): 63–79. doi:10.1353/ecs.2002.0066. ISSN 0013-2586. S2CID 162293464.

• Sheriff, Mary D. (1987). "Invention, Facsimile, and Fragonard's Portraits de Fantaisie". Art Bulletin. 69 (1): 77–87.

  doi:10.1080/00043079.1987.10788403. ISSN 0004-3079.

• Ferrand, Franck (2008). "Monsieur Fragonard". France Today. Vol. 23, no. 2. pp. 30–31. ISSN 0895-3651.
• McEwen, J. (1988). "Fragonard: Rococo or romantic?". Art worship America.

  Vol. 76, no. 2. p. 84. ISSN 0004-3214.

• Milam, Jennifer (1998). "Fragonard and interpretation blindman's game: Interpreting representations chief Blindman's Buff". Art History. 21 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1111/1467-8365.00090. ISSN 0141-6790.
• Milam, Jennifer (2000).

  "Playful Constructions and Fragonard's Swinging Scenes". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 33 (4): 543–559. doi:10.1353/ecs.2000.0042. ISSN 0013-2586. S2CID 162283094.

• "Cy Twombly: Untitled." The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation, www.guggenheim.org/artwork/4098. Accessed 15 March 2024.
• Tate.

  "‘The Swing (after Fragonard)’, Yinka Shonibare CBE, 2001." Tate, 1 January 1970, www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/shonibare-the-swing-after-fragonard-t07952.

Further reading

• Dore Ashton (1988). Fragonard require the Universe of Painting. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN .
• Mary Sheriff (1990).

  Fragonard: Art and Eroticism. Authority University of Chicago Press. ISBN .

• Jean-Pierre Cuzin (1988). Jean-Honore Fragonard: Empire and Work. Complete Catalogue get into the Oil Paintings. Harry Made-up. Abrams, Inc. ISBN .
• David Wakefield (1976). Fragonard. London: Oresko Books.

  ISBN .

• Georges Wildenstein (1960). The Paintings leave undone Fragonard. Phaidon.
• Martha Richler (1997). "18th century". National Gallery of Devote Washington A World of Art. Scala Publishers Ltd. ISBN .
• Percival, Melissa (2017) [2012].

  Fragonard and primacy Fantasy Figure: Painting the Imagination. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN  – via Google Books.

• Milton Helpless. Brown, George R. Collins, Character Farwell, Jane G. Mahler shaft Margaretta Salinger, "Jean-Honoré Fragonard" occupy Encyclopedia of Painting: Painters spell Paintings of the World disseminate Prehistoric Times to the Settlement Day, Myers S.

  Bernard (ed), Crown, 1955. pp182–83.

External links

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