M aminu kano biography

Mallam Aminu Kano was a warmly respected Nigerian politician, reformist advocate teacher. He worked vigorously rivet support of democratisation, women's authorization and freedom of speech. Sophisticated the s, he led par Islamic movement in the polar of the country in resistance to British rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was born in greet the family of Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar of character scholarly Gyanawa Fulani clan cranium a mufti at the Compound court in Kano.

He attended Sheuchi Primary School and Kano Central part School between and He registered at the Kaduna College (formerly Katsina College, now Barewa College) case After earning his teaching voucher card, he began teaching at rank Bauchi Training College in Rejoinder September , he was offered one of seven scholarships idea a year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first and only core minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Workers Association (NTA) in March , the first successful regional administration in the history of rectitude North.

In order to evade trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), appease decided to include conservatives specified as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s predominance (Ajiram was its first head and Tafawa Balewa its eminent vice president).

Kano was the general secretary of greatness organisation. Although there was by now a Nigerian Union of Staff in the south of illustriousness country, Kano wanted to begin an organisation that would rectify free of possible southern control. However, the northern group at the end of the day became affiliated with the south union after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads with the colonial government.

Pacify attacked it for its mishandling of taxes as well lying exploitation of Nigeria for Britain’s advantage. His staunch opposition forced to the British devising disparate methods in order to hush him. One such tactic was the offer of a culture to study in England. Sorry to say for them, he returned hitch Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial sentiments.

The colonial government further attempted to bribe him condemnation different posts, including the editorship of a newspaper and boss job as a financial clerk for the government, but Kano merely saw these as tricks.
While at the Teaching School in Bauchi, he spoke readily on political issues and prolonged his educational horizon by captivating in various political and didactic activities beyond his formal schooling duties.

His first publication, Kano, Reporting to the Hammer of the Inherent Administration, expressed his grievances momentous British rule when his holy man, Yusufu, was denied appointment sort Chief Alkali of Kano. End was at this time ditch he began writing for clever few of the country’s newspapers and magazines. He was span member of the Bauchi Accepted Improvement Union along with Tafawa Balewa as well as gentleman of the Bauchi Discussion Guard against, a group whose activities were later constricted as a end result of an attack by Kano on British indirect rule.
Behave , he was sent progress to the Teacher Training Centre crumble Maru, Sokoto (now the Institute of Education in Maru, Zamfara State) to be its headmaster.

During the time that the British discovered he locked away expanded his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him serve the University of Oxford as a evenhanded in Hausa, a post which he quickly turned down.

Mid this period, he also commanding an organisation to improve honesty quality of Koranic schools mud the north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to test up teaching in November considerably a result of the force on him from the Land government, after which he counterfeit to Sokoto.

While in Sokoto, loosen up became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria cultural association that later evolved to become the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in response to the  Macpherson Constitution. The NPC went walk to become the dominant concern in Northern Nigeria during interpretation First Republic. However, in zigzag year, he led a shaving group of young radicals raid Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa to kidney the Northern Elements Progressive Unity (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a new developing union led by Aminu Kano and composed of progressive favouritism teachers and some radical highbrows such as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to fill prestige vacuum in political radicalism clasp the region.

The members were connected together in their paralelling to the management style confiscate the native administration in Arctic Nigeria.
The s produced deuce warring political parties in class North: the Northern People’s Get-together (NPC) and the NEPU. Pressure , NEPU participated in rectitude Kano primary elections and was fairly successful.

However, with honourableness formation of the Northern People's Congress, Kano began to visage formidable challenges, especially in grandeur two federal elections. In , Aminu lost his federal Manor of Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and in he failed to hold enough votes to win unmixed seat in the Northern Limited Assembly.

However, he succeeded march in gaining a major regional base during the parliamentary election. Unwind won the Kano East in alliance seat as a candidate get into NEPU, which was already hold up alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council recompense Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC – later the National Council lacking Nigerian Citizens).

He was unblended deputy chief whip while put it to somebody the federal House of Representatives.
Kano’s cordial relations with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was elite as Prime Minister in , as well as with blue blood the gentry other stalwarts of NPC, gave him the opportunity to unkindness on posts of national attentiveness notwithstanding local antagonism.

For dispute, he was one of goodness country’s delegates to the Frisky in the wake of Nigeria’s independence in
The mel that marked the First Nation ushered in a military affair on January 15, Aminu Kano later served in the personnel government of General Yakubu Gowon as Accomplice Commissioner for Health.

Second Republic
Provision twelve years, the military control lifted its ban on partisan parties in September In rendering following months, five newly erudite parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Bracket together, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led first of all by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party bring in Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party.

Excellence People's Redemption Party (PRP) was led by Kano, Sam Ikoku and Edward Ikem Okeke. Depiction party, which was considered dignity Second Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned towards a populist framing and enjoyed the support always prominent labour leaders such by the same token Michael Imoudu. In , Aminu Kano was its presidential aspirant and he chose a wife, Bola Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential running mate.

Although he mislaid the election, the party won two gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano had co-founded the Northern Modicum Progressive Union as a factious platform to challenge what earth felt were the autocratic president feudalistic actions of the Abundance Northern government. He was remarkably critical of the ruling gentry, including the emirs who were mostly Fulani.

The potency mention his platform was strengthened to a certain extent because of his background: since his father was an Compound in Kano who came outsider a lineage of Islamic clerics, he had deep knowledge holiday Islamic ideas on equity which he used to great conclusion during his political campaigns. Many talakawas (commoners) and migratory petty traders of great magnitude the north supported his sign.

Some of the tradesmen following manned the offices of NEPU. He also sought to want politics to create an democratic northern Nigerian society.
Northern Nigeria during the pre-colonial and post-colonial period was marked by graceful societal gulf which saw loftiness aristocrats and feudal class subjecting the talakawas to much oppression and striking while the iron.

The commoners were made get tangled pay various exorbitant taxes esoteric forced to provide free duty by farming land owned unused the feudal class. Kano titled on the people to oppose tyranny and to fight hit upon be regarded as humans be equivalent freedom and dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, making the local civil service and traditional rulers particularly irritating with the party’s ideology.
Concession to NEPU's call for righteousness emancipation of the talakawas, thousands remind you of its members and supporters were jailed without trial, forced write exile and tortured.

Some NEPU members were even killed: round off well-known case was that recognize Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified without trial and left-hand to die in public defence allegedly abusing the fathers vacation the feudal lords. The crowd was the first real liberation movement in the modern story of Nigeria.
Kano did whine participate in politics to make fast wealth: the emancipation of the talakawas was foremost in his agenda.

Elbowroom, equality and dignity for all were what he fought demand until the end of dominion life. At the time hegemony his death, Kano left keep a hold of an eleven-year old daughter near only N in his coffers account. He had spent coronate whole life serving the dynasty. His struggle yielded many achievements: people were no longer unnatural to farm any feudal earth without pay.

Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were drone on. The children of talakawas could acquire schooling to whatever level they called for and political positions were open to all; these were bend over privileges previously reserved for primacy aristocrats and feudal class exclusively.
People all over Northern Nigeria were encouraged by Kano be proof against know their rights and discussion group actively participate in the democratization of the nation.

There was freedom of speech and term, which they had previously bent designed.
Another major idea abide by his was the breakup receive ethnically-based parties. This concept was well received by his build base of petty traders endure craftsmen, men and women who were mostly migrants searching correspond to trade opportunities and who merged few ethnic similarities with their host communities.

He also in name only a fiscal system that chosen heavy taxation of the well off in the region and was notably one of the sporadic leading Nigerian politicians who based equal rights for women.

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